Background Of Islamic Banking Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

This chapter provides a brief background of Islamic banking in the World as well as in the UK about its system and practice. The Islamic financial law has long history but Islamic banking and finance industry came into existence with Profit and Loss Sharing investment by Egypts Mit Ghamr Saving Banks in 1963. After official existence Islamic banking has grown in the area of finance, banking, insurance, mortgage, and assets management business with annual growth rate of 10-15 %. But actual development in Islamic banking is started after 1970 with new investment techniques, strategies and product development (Steward, 2008). Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) is known as world first Islamic bank it was formed in 1975. Currently it has 48 branches which great services. Dubai Islamic Bank offers higher returns than conventional banking system as well they provide auto, home and personal finance products, (Platt, 2008). Islamic banking is a relatively little known in the West, and greater interest in disgust. The idea of Islamic Banking, but contains much more than the prohibition of interest. Islamic banking shows that ethics and finance can be connected to serve the society. The idea is to eliminate the banking system of injustice in the society. A clear link with the religion of Islam can lead to mistrust among the citizens in the West, perhaps out of fear of the unknown. Todays global society in the Arab world and the Islamic banking system is closer to us and must be treated. If the Islamic bank and its ethical values for the first time it will be utopia, the economic actors in the world. Attitudes are changing, but slowly, and in recent years, the value of the traditional banking system, which has begun to look neutral, the conscience of a growing number of people. Author do not want to funds, banks and financial institutions, releases to companies which invest ethically and socially harmful act. The aim of this study is the question of Islamic banking important to clarify and explain some of their links to politics, history and religion. Islamic finance is on Islamic law Shariah that offers all the solutions and economic problems of the foundation. Under Islamic law, interest completely forbidden in Islam, because the interest rates very negative impact on society, such as the ability, purchasing power and increasing poverty, uneven distribution of the credit crisis and the economy. According to Usmani (2005) the main drawback in interest based system is financier has no concern with money when he gives an interest bearing loan to a client. But in Islamic financial contract cash money is not given to client, first of all they purchase the commodity and transfer to client then all profit and loss will be distributed between parties according to agreed terms and conditions (Usmani, 2005). Authers allegations that investment in Islamic financial system is very good for the economy, since the actual failure and the equilibrium, and it is helpful to improve the economy and society. Economic Law of Islam, there are some funds methods, such as Musharaka, Murabaha, Ijarah mudaraba and all the details of the case of the treaty, and some agreements in place systems for sharing profits and losses. Islamic financial system is based on the sharing of risks between the parties and the burden is not entirely consistent with the Parties. Islamic finance is not only the Muslim community because they are the moral and ethical approach to finance and investment. Islamic finance is also popular in all communities in the United Kingdom. Islamic finance has a number of challenges in the UK because the financial system is attractive to the traditional banking system, but the Islamic banking has great potential in the United Kingdom because it has less to five years in an Islamic bank carried out a significant role in the British financial markets . 1.1 The Problem According to the figures of Office for National Statistics 2001, there was 2.2 million (3.4%) Muslims living in the United Kingdom (National Statistics, 2010), but according to Home Secretary the Muslim population is increasing with high growth rate. In just seven years there is an increase of 40,000 Muslims in the UK and figures reached on more than 2 million which consist of 3.3% of total UK population (Guardian, 2010) There was no way available to the Muslims in the United Kingdom before 2000, but the Muslim population would spend their lives for their faith. Depending on the interest of Islamic education in Islam is strictly forbidden, and they want banking services such as savings accounts, checking accounts, mortgages, insurance and loans, backed by the Islamic law Shariah. The United Kingdom is a non-Muslim and all of its financial rules and rules for the traditional banking system. While the Muslim community has an active role in the economy, there was no need for a s ystem that can start to accept these people. Islamic banking began in England in 2003, so that the Financial Services Authority. By 2003-2009, there is sufficient improvement and development of Islamic banking. There are currently two main part of traditional banks and Islamic banks, Islamic banking in its entirety. But the growing Islamic banking and start-up phase, and the Islamic bank is is a number of challenges in western society as a socially, economically, and the contract terms. Instead of all the Islamic Bank now traditional banks also offer Islamic banking services with traditional banks such as HSBC Amanah offers the authors name is his own account in the name Lloyds TSB Islamic current account. 1.2 Aims and Objectives The United Kingdom is a non-Islamic country, the financial and banking rules most of the traditional banking system, because it is an Islamic bank is facing difficulties in the way of his progress. In other words, these problems, big challenges in the Islamic banking business, if they work hard to develop the Islamic banking in a short time. The study aims to identify opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in the United Kingdom and who are the biggest problems currently facing from the Islamic banking in the world in general and the United Kingdom in particular. I have divided the investigation of issues in three different areas, know that the banks and the Islamic banking sector, because is difficult without a basic understanding of information, develop the financial system, whether the opportunity for growth and development in the UK and what are the Challenges for Islamic Banking. This area will cover the basic and fundamentals of Islamic banking. It show s if the community and banks have better understanding about Islamic finance and its exercise then it will play important role for development of Islamic banking in the UK. How important is to know the fundamentals of Islamic banking for Muslim Community and services providers? Do Muslim community really believe and understand the difference of Islamic and conventional banking? What are the factors that make Islamic banking prior to conventional banking to Muslim community? How important is Shariah law and its practice for Islamic finance and the role of Islamic scholars in promoting Islamic banking services and its products? The main research objectives of this project to be addressed are as follow: Is Islamic banking sector has a potential for product development? Whether Islamic banking is in position to satisfy its customers? Is Islamic banking has a potential to perform active role in the UK Financial Market and its growth in market development? Do Islamic banking able to enhance the investment opportunities in the UK and whether it can play prominent role for the UK economy? Is there any affect of the UK environment (political, social and geographical) for growth and development of Islamic banking? Is Islamic banking has proper regulatory and institutional framework in the UK? Whether Islamic banking has any problem in the UK in respect of supervision and scholarly committee? Is Islamic banking full informative to its customers or facing any difficulty in its marketing sector? Is Islamic banking in position to survive and develop in the age of competition and globalization? Ch. 2 Literature Review This literature review shows the extent of the concept and principles of Islamic Banking around the world in general and particularly in the United Kingdom. Islamic finance is a universal concept of the traditional banking system, the practice of many of its products in most high street banks in Britain such as HSBC, Lloyds TSB, and just as the Islamic Bank of Britain. In this study, an attempt at a qualitative and empirical success, challenges and opportunities for Islamic finance UK. This reseach is of great importance in recent Shariah the implementation of legislation in the UK. Islamic Finance for a large portion of their customers and the rewards and the British economy. 2.2 Concept of Islamic Banking Islamic banking appeared on world forum as a prominent player over two decades ago. But actually many principles of Islamic banking system have been generally accepted all over the world for centuries rather than decades (Islamic-Banking, 2010). Islamic economic system is different from the Muslim community that the situation in time. In fact, the Islamic finance system, the ability to the demands of society for an honourable way is to do justice. Islamic finance is a growing sector and its diversity and different segments of the spectrum. It is for Muslims and Muslims religious societies and countries where Muslims are a minority. Moreover, it is a standard width: a non-Muslim people and the communities that ethical financial solutions have to look for, interested in Islamic banks. It is clear from banking practice that Islamic banking is equally popular in all communities (HSBC Amanah, 2010). It is clear from above statements that Islamic banking is not only Islamic or specifi c banking but actually it is a system which provides more ethical and moral concept of financial issues as well as it is really helpful to create a peaceful, economically prosperous and welfare society. The Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) defined an Islamic banking as a financial institution whose statutes, rules and procedures expressly state its commitment to the Principles of Islamic Shariah and to the banning of the receipt and payment of interest on any of its operations (Hassan, 1999). This explanation, it is clear that the interest is completely forbidden in Islamic law, because they affect the poor and the negative impact on society and the economy. Base formed in the light of economic development, because of how rich people get wealth through the impact on the middle and lower classes. Economy, interest rates, the middle class can have a positive impact on the economic system gradually towards travel economy, financial crises, such as the credit crisis. Islamic Finance is a broker and a trustee other peoples money, with the difference that it shares, the gains and losses to its depositors. In practice the most Islamic banks have an organizational set-up very matched and similar to their conventional counterpart banks (Dar and Presley, 2000). Islamic banking is phenomenally profitable because, although its underlying funding mechanism is the same as conventional banking, its default experience is better, and its charges higher and less transparent (Cook, 2006). Because of the Islamic bank is not very different from the traditional banking system. They are the same regime as the economy and the economy, but there are fundamental differences in approaches and objectives. Islamic financing is the interest rate and the main objectives are the same department, reduce poverty and investment. It is very advantageous Muslim population who wish to solve all the financial matters of religion. As the number of Islamists, and some banks, high street in the world to offer products and services that are compatible with the Shariah (standard Chartered, 2010). Although the western media frequently suggest that Islamic banking in its present form is a recent phenomenon, in fact, the basic practices and principles date back to the early part of the seventh century (Islamic Finance: A Euro money Publication, 1997) (Islamic Banking, 2010). These statements are the result of the fact that the Islamic finance system, which is not new. Its roots are in the early days of Islam and the age of Hazrat Umer was settled form of discipline for all financial matters of Islamic law on state enterprises. Islamic financial system has gradually improved, and today it is desirable and in many Islamic countries and some non-Muslims, particularly in the United Kingdom, the USA and Australia. Although Islamic finance is a very famous Muslim and non-Muslim communities and it is a system that is completely solve the economic and financial situation, but also the Islamic financial and banking system is not structured and Islamic countries. Islamic finance is the shortage of challenges for the administration and the lack of an institutional framework for the implementation of this plan for the child. The banking system is relatively fixed, and the natural, economic and institutional all Muslims and non-Islamic countries. 2.3 The Principles of Islamic Banking The principles of Islamic banking are based on Islamic law, known as Shariah, which mean: 2.3.1 Interest (Riba) Interest cannot be paid or received on transactions in any case where money is exchange for money because the money is not actually any value accordance to Islam if it is not employed in business. Prohibition of Riba (Interest) Many Muslim scholars and some western thoughts believe and still considering that just interest free banking is as an Islamic banking. Actually interest is fully prohibited in Islam that is proved in Quran and Sunnah. The interest that you give in order to increase the wealth of the people, does not increase in the sight of Allah; and the Zakat that you pay in order to win Allahs approval, its payers do indeed increase their wealth (Surah Al-Rome no. 39)(Shafi and Usmani, 1997, p.67). It is beautiful and powerful statement from Quran which shows that interest is prohibited by God because it can only increase the wealth of individual not the society. Exclusion of interest from financial activities does not necessarily mean that the financier cannot earn a profit. If financing is meant for a commercial purpose, it can be based on concept of profit and loss sharing, for which Musharakah and Mudarabah have been designed since the very inception of Islamic commercial law (Usmani, 200 5, p.10). It is wrong and confusing the concept of society in the Islamic banking system, but Islam provides an alternative that the proportion of total investment and made a profit. In the event of losses by all parties to the agreement agreed conditions have suffered. Islamic financial system is effective only if all economic activity is guaranteed under the law of Islamic finance. Allah deprives interest of all blessing and develops charity; and Allah does not like an ungrateful, sinful person ( Surah Al-Baqarah no.276)(Shafi and Usmani, 1997, p.49). Zarqa (1983), Khan (1986), Chapra (2000), El-Gamal (2000) and Gafoor (1997), have illustrated the macro-economic stability that can form a profit and loss sharing system; an Islamic form of banking would replace interest-based transactions that characterise western transactions (Shanmugam, Perumal and Ridzwa, 2004). It is from the top states that Islam is not interested in made in the room. Interest rates have been totally p rohibited in Islam. On the basis of the economic interests of depositors more interest and desire, their property would increase by interest preserved. They were not involved in investment, and this will lead to the collapse of the credit crisis. On the other hand, banks charge high rates of low-interest loans, it will cause difficulties for the poor in society and lead to the rich and the industry giants. 2.3.2 Gharar and Maysir Transactions must avoid uncertainty (Gharar), speculation (Maysijr) or anything that could lead to the unjust enrichment or unfair exploitation of one of the parties to a contract (Imeson, 2007). In case of speculation the big investors and industrialists turn the economic financial system toward their own and personal benefits. 2.3.3 Unethical Businesses Transaction cannot be made that involve prohibited products or activities, such as alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco because Islam wants to develop a ethical and friendly environment in the society (Imeson, 2007, p.5). 2.4 Fundamentals of Islamic Banking Islamic commercial law is actually based on four basic principles. The fundamental of first Islamic business principle is profit and loss sharing and the second is based on fixed service fees and charges and third is based on free of cost and no charges. The other principles are changing with the situation of the business and its operation (Bellalah and Ellouz, 2004). Musharakah (Partnership Finance) Musharakah is a contract in which the bank and the industrialist contribute jointly to the capital of a company or project to make a profit. Profit and losses are shared between the parties on agreed term and condition of the contract. Mudarabah (Trust Financing) Mudarabah is a contract in this contract it is the responsibility of bank provides all the capital while the partner contributes commercial efforts, professional skills and experiences. Finally, the bank receives a predetermined proportion of the profits. In the case of a loss, the bank bears all the financial loss whilst the manufacturer goes unrewarded (Rob, 1992). It is concluded that this system encourage the individual to participate in financial activity and prove himself as an active part of society. The third principles and the free charges among the principles within the fixed charges category are: Murabaha (Cost-plus financing) The Murabaha is a contract in which the bank informs the industrialist about the acquisition cost of a good and negotiates with him the profit margin. It is one of the most popular modes used in Islamic banking system in different countries to promote interest-free transactions. Bai-muajjal ( Deferred Payment Sale) The Bai-muajjal is a deferred payment sale contract which is traded without additional costs. Ijara (Leasing) The Ijara is a rent contract by which the owner of the good rents it to another party beeding it. After that the latter can purchase it and rent is reduced until the good become the possession of the client (Bellalah and Ellouz, 2004). Nowadays the Home Finance and Islamic mortgage are based on the concept of Ijara and it is very successful tool in Islamic financial system. Quard Hassan In Islamic financial system the customers who are facing financial crises or unpredicted expenditure banks provide welfare loan without paying any fees or interest. According to Rob (1992) Islamic banks can raise the funds through sale of shares to public and further through three main deposit accounts such as investment deposits, saving deposits and current deposits. Islamic and Conventional Banking Islamic banking has the same purpose and practice of the traditional banking system, except that the Islamic banks in accordance with the laws Shariah. The basic principles of Islamic banking are profit and loss sharing agreement between the parties and also strongly prohibits Riba (interest). Islamic banking and conventional, in reality it is no different. Both the banking system is virtually the same objectives, and the only difference between the application of relevant information, because the interest is completely forbidden in Islam. Islamic banking is the traditional area of banking, will ensure that Islamic banking that all financial matters in accordance with Islamic law and economic rules and regulations and in particular the state, such as the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the United Kingdom (Shanmugam, Perumal and Ridzwa, 2004). Islamic banking almost provides same services as conventional banking such as current accounts, saving accounts, insurances, mortgages an d investment opportunities in the society. According to Nienhaus (1995) Islamic banks, in compliance with the welfare principle of Islam, offer facilities more or less the same segment of the economy as the conventional banks. The practices and situations are not so different from conventional banking such as the costs of funds are closely related to interest rates and guarantees are nearly as important in Islamic banks as they are in the conventional banks (Hassan, 1999). This research has the functions of these statements of Islamic banking are paired with traditional banking system as interest expense compared to conventional banks, Islamic banks can offer services such services on the pricing of mortgages and charges brought prices are probably the same in both the banking system, but only that the Islamic banking rules of Ijarah in which the payment follow up on the basis of one months rent plus the cost of services of the bank. Scope of Islamic banking in the UK Office for National Statistics 2001 figures UK there are about 1.6 million Muslims are living in UK, which comprises 2.8% of the total population of the country, in which 50% are estimated to reside in the London area (BBC, 2010). According to Home Secretary UK, Jacqui Smith, in United Kingdom the Muslim population is nearly 2 millions. It means that the Muslim population is about 3.3% of the UK population (guardian, 2010) Figure: 1 The Muslim population in some European countries Country Total Population Muslim Population Percentage % Belgium 10.3 million 0.4 million 4% Denmark 5.4 million 279,000 5% France 62.3 million 5 to 6 million 8 to 9.6% Germany 82.5 million 3 million 3.6% Italy 58.4 million 825,000 1.4% Netherland 16.3 million 945,000 5.8% Spain 43.1 million 1 million 2.3% Sweden 9.0 million 300,000 3% Switzerland 7.4 million 310,800 4.2% United Kingdom 58.8 million 1.6 million 2.8% Source (BBC, 2010) There is an increase of 400,000 in Muslim community in just seven years. The Muslim is fast growing community in UK, it reflects from the figures from the population censes of 2001 which increase from 2.7% to 3.3% in 2008 From these figures it is clear that France and Germany and UK are the most Muslim populated countries. But in UK the population growth rate is higher than other countries. The UK Government is also interested in growth of Islamic banking because Muslims are playing prominent and active role in the development of the United Kingdom. With the growth of Islamic banking the Muslim community can free contribute and enhance the investment in their permissible businesses. Figure: 2 The Muslim Population in the UK According to Community Background No. Country Origin Share in Muslim Population 1 Pakistan 43% 2 Bangladesh 17% 3 India 9% 4 Arab, African and Other 31% Source (Guardian, 2010) Figure 2 is reported that the majority of the Muslim community was moved to the South Asian countries. The author think the reason for the rapid growth of Islamic banking in the United Kingdom is the South Asian community because they are better trained and are strictly follow the Islamic rules in all areas of their lives. Germany and France, the Muslim population of Arab origin, they are interested in investing their money in their own country. But in Britain most of the High Street for small and medium-sized enterprises in the Asian community. It has the advantage that the British Government is to improve on the activities of Islamic finance in the country, it is really to improve the economy and reducing the economic crisis. To meets the requirements of the Muslim community, the Islamic financial products in the United Kingdom for several high street banks such as current accounts and mortgages and other financial services. The United Kingdom is the first country in the West, wh ich began in the area of retail banking, whether Shariah. Islamic Bank of Britain was founded in 2004, which led to the FSA. The Kingdom is a major economic center and international companies and the Middle East, the most traditional banks offering Islamic banking products in the United Kingdom and other countries as well as (FSA. Gov, 2010) Growth and Development in UK Islamic finance has grown worldwide by 10-15 percent per year over the last ten years that the popularity of the traditional banking system been so fast that the Islamic financial institutions are currently more than 51 countries. Despite continued growth, many felt that supervisors and market participants, the process by which Islamic banks are introduced into the mainstream (Sole, 2007). Although the growth rate of Islamic banking is very high, but the important thing to understand, because many Muslims have not yet sufficient information on the reasons for it. All major banks have opened Islamic financing windows, for example, the Saudi-American and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia banks and international financial actors such as HSBC and Citibank, one Islamic banking unit created. Lloyds TSB expands to the requirements of Islamic banking more and more the possibility of customers in the United Kingdom. Islamic current account and financial service products, which is governed solely by Islamic law Shariah in different branches of banks across the country are designed to provide. Customers of the banks current accounts pay no interest loans to these customers and there are no crossing facilities that account. Household active bank financing reduces Musharaka program and the end of the sales contract of Ijarah assets (Guardian, 2010). HSBC has a great contribution in Islamic banking sector its goal is to provide Islamic financial services throughout the world where the Muslim community is living in Islamic as well as non-Islamic countries. According to manager of HSBC Amanah Amjid Ali HSBC has a plan about Future developments in Islamic section such as Shariah insurance, pensions and savings accounts (Bown, 2005). HSBC provides services of Islamic mortgages and current accounts as well as they have great participation such as HSBC Amanah which consists of following feature: Investment account through Murabaha contract Amanah cards which are based on f ixed services fee Home finance and vehicle finance through Ijarah concept Personal loan based on the theory of Tawrraq Takaful (Islamic insurance) Islamic Bank of Britain offers saving accounts, terms deposit accounts and treasury deposit accounts. Islamic Bank of Britain to invest this money in trade Shariah compliant investments. The customers of the Islamic Bank of Britain are fully compliant with the investment criteria of the officials of the bank satisfied (Islamic-bank, 2010). All profits will be distributed from the investment bank and its customers. They also offer services to non-Muslim investors who want to avoid industries such as tobacco and alcohol. Personal loans are also available in the system of variable fee (Bown, 2005). London is a leading financial markets in the world and is the regulatory environment is well established and respected in the world. London has a large number of people in the financial sector, especially trained, the traditional side of the banking system. Islamic finance is the usefulness of these skills through the employment of these employees will receive the traditional banking Islamic banking (Teran, 2007). Due to world financial crisis there is a big opportunity to develop Islamic banking on modern basis because in modern world financial distortion is created by interest based system. Nowadays many Muslim and other qualified and skilled worker are interested in the field of Islamic banking in UK it will help to develop and boost Islamic financial system in this shacked economy. According to Percy, chief executive of the bank of London and Middle East (BLME), Islamic finance in the United Kingdom has passed the primary development phase and has entered in stage of its growth (Imeson, 2007). Islamic bank of Britain created in 2004 as a retail Islamic bank in UK and BLME has been launched in July 2007. There are 21 conventional institutes in the UK which provide Islamic financial services according to Shariah law to 1.8 million Muslim people (Imeson, 2007). It is concluded from the above statements about the Islamic banking in the UK was such an important economic player in the market. It is in good shape and to improve Islamic finance for five to six years. If the organizers of the Islamic finance sector in all the hard work, e.g in connection with the FSA and the rules of the authorities, product development, market development, awareness program, the institutional and legal framework, while keeping regional Islamic finance this prestigious position in the UK financial sector. Challenges Islamic finance in the economy is doing well in Britain, but some of the opportunities and challenges of Islamic banking needs to be treated kindly in all segments of the economy and society. There is a need for a generally clear and transparent Islamic banking, which covers all areas of society and economy to the challenges and threats for the future needs of the financial sector. Islamic banking faces many challenges due to its origin. Islamic finance is in a transitional phase and the phase of development in different countries over the past two decades . According to Khalaf (2007) Islamic banking industries have always suffered with the issue of different opinions of Islamic scholars, suppose a product or practice may be accepted to one scholar, could be considered un-Islamic by another scholar. In Islamic banking system there is a serious shortage of scholars and qualified managers. Unfortunately the managers are not well trained in the use of Islamic financial practices (Iqbal, Ahmad and Khan, 1998). Islamic banking in western countries especially in UK is facing the problem of legal system because Islamic banking not yet proper regulated due to this there is possibility to create tension between Islamic banking and regulators (Karbhari, Naser and Shahin, 2004). It is fact that Islamic banking is not well regulated at the moment because they have not a strong branch network. Islamic bank of Britain has only eight branches around the UK (Islamic-bank, 2010). I think that is not enough to fulfil the requirements of a big Muslim community. Currently Islamic banking is facing the challenge of the new mode of conventional banking in opening of Islamic banking window. It will improve the services of Islamic banking butthere is a need that Islamic scholars work hard to maintain the priority of Islamic Shariah law (Iqbal et al. 1998). According to Bokhari (2007) Islamic financial institutions are facing various challenges and difficulties in which the main and important is the lack of skilled and trained professionals to fulfil the requirements of this fast growing industry. Conclusion I reviewed in this literature, various aspects of Islamic finance is essentially a concept and practice of Islamic banks in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is a center of Islamic financial activities in the West, and auther also saw that the British Society of conventional banks in Islamic banking window offers the best services in accordance with the laws of Shariah satisfying the requirements of the Muslim community in various fields especially Ijarah (leasing), Takaful (Insurance) Sukuk (bonds) and provision of services in the home loans, personal loans, checking and savings accounts. UK Islamic Bank has great growth potential, since many Muslims around the world in the UK, they play an effective role in the economy. Islamic banking is also a huge challenge, because there is no knowledge of Islamic banking business to their clients and also some other issues related to the British regulator, the structure of Islamic government and its realization Shariah. Ch. 3 Methodo logy (Phenomenology, positivism discuss in theoretically) 3.1 Purpose Islamic banking is a hot topic in western countries especially in the UK. In the UK almost 2 million Muslims community is living and they want to spend their lives according to their religion (Guardian, 2010). This community is well contributing to the economy of the UK due to this the UK government gives more importance in the sector of Islamic banking. Nowadays the UK is the hub of Islamic banking and most of the high street banks providing the services of Islamic window. Due to this growing demand, Islamic banking faces some difficulties and challenges in western countries. The purpose of the study is to examine and analyze the growth and opportunities of Islamic banking in the UK. 3.2 The Paradigms and Methodologies There are two main research paradigms positivistic and phenomenological. It is possible that different authors may use the alternative terms for these main paradigms in different time. The most commonly and alternatively used the terms are quantitative research method for positivistic and qualitative for phenomenological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The originally the positivistic paradigm was developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena and it is confirmatory and deductive in nature. The phenomenological paradigm was developed in the social sciences to facilitate the researchers to research and analyze social and cultural phenomena and this approach is exploratory and inductive in nature (social Research Methods, 2010). The paradigm is very important because it gives you a right path to use the right methodology. According to Collis and Hussy (2003 p.55) Regardless of which paradigm you are employing, it is important that you pay attention to all the features, and en sure that there are no contradictions or deficiencies in your methodology. The paradigm of this research is phenomenological because it tends to produce qualitative data not quantitative. The quantitative research is objective in nature that involves analysis of numerical data by applying statistical tests (Collis and Hussey, 2003). But the qualitative research is much more subjective in nature, concerned with generating theories and can be generalized in understanding of the phenomenon of challenges and opportunities of Islamic banking in UK. 3.3 Reason for chosen Qualitative Research In qualitative research methods it is easy to get detailed, conceptual and rich ideas because these methods provide the results that how people feel and what they think because they feel relax to comments on any specific topic (orau.gov, 2010). In my research it is comfortable to hold qualitative research because it is related to banks authorities and banking customers. From the interviews with banks authorities it is easy to get information about growth and development of Islamic finance in the UK and as well understanding of Islamic financial products between banks and customers. There are some advantages of qualitative research over quantitative research. In qualitative research it is easy to explore topic in detail and more depth than quantitative research methods. Qualitative research has the advantages over quantitative research because it is less expensive there is no need to contact with many participants as well no need to use the expensive methods and software for analysi s. The qualitative research is more flexible in term of locations and timing because there is no need to interviews a large number of people to take result (orau.gov, 2010). It is resulted that qualitative methods can provide all the information in detailed because in unstructured and semi-structured interviews the participants feel no hesitation to discuss matters in details. The qualitative research has some demerits as well because it is not able to produce the exact figures that how many people of society understand the topic and it is difficult to express what people like and dislike (orau.gov, 2010). It is difficult to analyse the data in qualitative research because the collected information are too much and to conclude this data is a hard job due to time constraint. 3.4 Research Method For this research project, I chose to undertake qualitative research method. The qualitative method is a type of research that emphasizes the quality of meaning in consumer perceptions and behaviours; there are different criteria or techniques can be used in qualitative method such as in-depth interviews and focus groups (Marketing about, 201). In-depth interview Focus group Case study Direct observation 3.4.1 Reason for chosen in-depth Interviews Author chose the deep-in-interview technique in qualitative research because of its unique advantages over other methods such as focus groups and questionnaires. In the way of depth interviews, it is easy for an individual and to remain focused on the specific topic of speech, it is difficult to concentrate, compared to the group interviews. There are many time saving and reduce the disadvantages of having a certain date. The main advantage of in-depth interview is that the interviews can be easily conducted with key community leaders through that researcher can get a fast overview of a community according to research requirements (caps.ucsf, 2010). In-depth interview has advantages on the basis of research questions that the researcher can obtain the information itself, and there is no difference in the understanding and analysis of data for the result. In the questionnaires, it is possible that some participants are not to respond, in time, and for some time, it is difficult t o understand the issue of questionnaires. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) the major problem in questionnaires especially distributed by post that delay in response and some time no response by the participants. 3.5 Data Sources 3.5.1 The Primary Data This research is based on a study by the United Kingdom, because the growing population of the Muslim community is a positive role in the economy of the United Kingdom. In fact, most Muslims want their lives to spend according to their faith. In this research, the problems and opportunities for Islamic banking in the United Kingdom are discussed. Author will use the qualitative method of research in this project. There are several techniques of the qualitative method, but depending on the situation of the depth interview is the form best suited for this project. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) in phenomenological approach the interview questions are unstructured or semi- structured in pattern not closed questions like positivistic approach. The plan is that the researcher will prepare semi-structured questions that are helpful to take maximum information from interviewees because in closed questions it is possible that some important information will be ignored. In semi-st ructured interviews the researcher has an opportunity to probe various areas and to raise specific queries during the semi-structured interviews (iiu.edu, 2010). 3.5.2 The Secondary Data According to the project requirement the existing literature will be used for theoretical study from all resources such as academic and scholarly journals, newspapers and magazines. The interviewer will also follow the previous research of Islamic banking with regard to challenges and growth in Australia and Malaysia because there is lot of work in this sector. 3.5.3 Data Collection Methods For the collection of primary data researcher will in the technique of depth interviews. The plan is to keep the seven-depth interviews in different sectors of society. The researcher has three interviews with the authorities of banks such as HSBC, Lloyds TSB and the Islamic Bank of Britain, that the clear facts and figures are on the growth, opportunities and issues related to Islamic Finance in regards Shariah compliance and state authorities. Two with Muslims, for example, a customer of an Islamic bank, the research by providing information on why they do Islamic Banking, which facilitate the advantages and disadvantages of this system and the scope of Islamic banking in the United Kingdom. Two of the Muslims who are not useful with the Islamic banking product to find out why they are not the Islamic banking products and the factors that prevent these services on the basis of their faith. researcher Plan is for non-Muslims to speak using Islamic Banking products, which will prov ide the best information for growth and sound fundamentals of Islamic banking. The proposed date is to conduct these interviews by sending letters to the authorities and banks, e-mail Customer Services Department the banks to provide a point of view. For interviews with clients and not customers of Islamic banking, the interviewer is the use of posters in mosques and libraries in this area, where Muslims live in the majority. The interviews are recorded with voice recorder with respondents permission if the voice recorder is not possible, then the review of interviewer notes show, as summarized in its entirety and these notes will continue on the application. 3.6 Limitation of the Study According to the proposed planned of seven interviews it is possible that there should be some hurdle to get all information from customers of Islamic banking. In the course of research if the researcher will feel to get more widely information about the growth of Islamic banking then mini open ended questionnaires will be conducted. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) it is possible that the method of questionnaires can be applied in both methodologies. The success rate of the project will be examined based on the existing theory of Islamic banking and assumptions made during the research. The primary data will be analyzed on the base of actual ambition of the Islamic banking and its implementation. Ch. 4 Results and Discussions The aim of the research is to find opportunities for growth and development and the key challenges facing Islamic finance in the UK. According to the research plan nine participants took part in the processes belonging to different sectors of the community, as three of the bank supervisory authority, three of the clients with the Islamic banking system and three Muslims, who currently holds non Islamic bank account. The primary data is collected through detailed interviews to comply with different opinions of community members about the scope and the future of Islamic banking in the United Kingdom. The results and the results of this in-depth interviews with the aims and objectives of the research to be adjusted. By comparing discussion of the results and conclusions from primary sources and coordinated with the secondary data collected from various newspapers, websites, and previous research. The purpose of this discussion is to show the current position of the Islamic banking, pr actice, weaknesses and opportunities. HOW and justify Philosophy/approach inductive/deductive positivism/phenomenology WHICH What is ql What is Qn? Prim/Sec? which you will use? WHY How collect? WHY? Ch.4 Result and Discussion Ch. 5 Conclusion

History Essay Sample Chicago Style

<h1>History Essay Sample Chicago Style</h1><p>You can get familiar with the nuts and bolts of composing a history paper by doing a history article test Chicago style. It is extremely basic and you can without much of a stretch adjust the layout of your paper from the example. Some great tip about composing a history exposition in Chicago is to utilize Chicago-style words and sentences. This is on the grounds that it is more Chicago style.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals who are wanting to compose history may not be acquainted with Chicago. So let us give them a head start by informing them concerning Chicago's composing society. History scholars in Chicago are renowned for the utilization of Chicago-style words and sentences. The compositions of Chicago students of history are popular everywhere throughout the world. This is on the grounds that they are the best historians.</p><p></p><p>First of all, Chicago has a few re nowned essayists. One of them is Nobel Prize winning author William Styron. He composed an acclaimed paper called 'In Praise of Miracles' that was devoted to his sibling Vincent. Styron composed this article in the wake of meeting a man named James Ford Phillips, who was a specialist on Chicago who met his passing in an engine accident.</p><p></p><p>Another extraordinary antiquarian who composed his work in Chicago is Susan Sontag. She kept in touch with her perfect work of art 'Notes on Campion' while living in Chicago. Sontag composed this exposition while living in Illinois. She visited and lived in a few unique pieces of the city. Chicago was one of the urban areas that Sontag enjoyed the most.</p><p></p><p>The most significant thing about composing history in Chicago is that you should be honest in your sentences. There are some Chicago educators who grumble that understudies compose long papers that have neither rhyme nor reason. They feel that the understudies are compelled to write in such a manner to make it look good.</p><p></p><p>It appears that specific individuals imagine that it is alright to utilize inappropriate language just to cause their understudies to accept that they are specialists recorded as a hard copy. It appears that educators don't care for this any longer. Actually, numerous teachers will currently tell their understudies that they ought not write in Chicago-style, yet ought to rather write in English-style.</p><p></p><p>It doesn't make a difference which style you use. Simply stick to it. You can generally utilize Chicago-style words and sentences. Likewise, attempt to adhere to your theme in Chicago to ensure that the exposition isn't too long.</p><p></p><p>College composing isn't simple. You can be effective by learning a decent history exposition test. Try not to stress over what others think, since it doesn' t make a difference at all on the off chance that you are a Chicago local or a non-native.</p>

WordPress Hack Links to Research Papers in Post Content

WordPress Hack Links to Research Papers in Post ContentWordPress Hack Links to Research Papers in Post Content will show you how to boost your article writing and marketing with a few easy tricks. When I first started marketing, I wasn't sure about my blog's conversion rate. This led me to looking for ways to boost the number of people who read my blog.After a little bit of experimenting, I found that a lot of my blog posts were low converting. Most of them were trying to sell or promote something. I had very little content, and there was nothing to relate them to. For my own readership, this was a huge issue.I found that there were several ways to make your post content more interesting and attractive to people. One way was to search Google for related words. I was going to be using some of these keyword research papers in the post content.You can buy these keyword research papers if you want to, but they aren't cheap. The truth is that Google is giving away keyword research papers every single day, for free. To help myself, I went through this and found out a few things.First of all, the first thing I noticed is that when I searched Google for keywords related to my niche, I was only going to find a handful of results. In many cases, these weren't even results for top pages! My second tip for SEO in post content is to use synonyms.It turns out that many of the most popular keywords are also the most popular synonyms. When I saw this, I knew I could make use of these synonyms in my own blogs. This helped meto boost my keyword research papers in post content by a lot.For example, let's say you're writing about blogging. You're going to use a synonym for 'blogging' that you found online. With these two tips, you can really boost your keywords in post content.As long as you're using these two tips, you can really boost your keywords in post content. Make sure you don't forget to use them, though. Use these two simple tips, and you can be off and running to help y our blog and your posts.

Essay Topics for the Johns University of Florida College Application

Essay Topics for the Johns University of Florida College ApplicationThe 2020 supplemental essays for Johns University of Florida College Application Topics features, Writing Skills and Content Creation. College admission essays are usually not required for first time applicants. However, if you've already earned a college degree or have previous academic work to show, you may want to check out the essay topics for the Johns University of Florida College Application.There are many good and unique essays that have been created by students. These resources can be downloaded from the JFCollegeApplication-Compensation-Scholarship-Access-AWARDS-Undergraduate-Appeal-Ceos-Obamas website. The written pieces can also be directly submitted to the College Dean's Office at the university via mail.To help a prospective college student with this step, they will need a little bit of information about themselves, which is contained in the 'Story' section. The necessary information is listed, from the name of the student to their parent's names. The personal information and the story both need to be completed for each section. Some students will have multiple essays on their file due to their passion, while others may be writing it as an option.When you are finished writing your essay, do not go over the material. You will need to let the material to dry before you re-write it. In some cases, it will be easier to place the material on a piece of paper so that it does not bleed. This is because if there is too much information or too much writing on a piece of paper, it can cause the essay to lose its form. Usually, it is better to keep the writing simple, so that it flows nicely.To write the first section of the essay, choose the 2020 College Application Essay Topics that can be written best for you by John's College Admissions department. The best way to select your essay topic is to look through their list of topics and find one that you would like to submit. You can also look online to see if there are any other areas that are being offered.You should also look at the essay topics that discuss sentence structure and writing. These topics can include Grammar, Usage, Word Choice, Verbs, Adjectives, and Tenses. When you are done with this section, you can still continue to read some of the JFCollegeApplication-Compensation-Scholarship-Access-AWARDS-Undergraduate-Appeal-Ceos-Obamas topics until you come up with a good topic. You may then contact the admissions office to ask for ideas.The next section that you should check out is the Future Students Apply (FSA) topic. This topic offers information about the Future Students of the university, like their interests, areas of interest, their ambitions, and other information. You will also be able to find out their parents' names, addresses, etc. by looking at the application's FSA Topic. The application's FSA Topic also offers the program's goals and objectives as well as how to apply.After checking out the JFCo llegeApplication-Compensation-Scholarship-Access-AWARDS-Undergraduate-Appeal-Ceos-Obamas topics, it is time to focus on the next section that needs to be written - the Brief History of John's University. This is where you will need to write a brief history of the school and a description of the educational and athletics programs of the university.

Tips On Writing An Essay With Learning Goals

<h1>Tips On Writing An Essay With Learning Goals</h1><p>Learning objectives expositions are regularly considered as the principle components that assist individuals with learning and become increasingly acquainted with the topic they are examining. The understudy might be stressed over his capacity to compose a compelling exposition that will have the option to make him hang out before the gathering. You can without a doubt deal with your composition and furthermore evade some basic slip-ups that would keep you from being effective recorded as a hard copy a decent essay.</p><p></p><p>Remember that there is no reason for busy in the event that you are not happy. In the event that you are not certain enough, it will influence your composing capacities. You should simply to discover data with respect to the point and the subject when all is said in done. You have to request help from others who have involvement with writing.</p><p>&l t;/p><p>It is consistently prudent to discover the correct article tests that depend on learning objectives. It would be vastly improved in the event that you think of one for every one of the learning objectives that you have. You can utilize learning objectives assets and articles to discover increasingly about the topic. There are numerous sites online where you can discover tests to help your learning goals.</p><p></p><p>Although it isn't important to get the assistance of these sites, it would be extremely useful for you to compose on learning objectives. Before you start, ensure that you look into the changed accessible assets to get the thought regarding the subject that you will compose. Be that as it may, ensure that you have really gotten your work done first. This would spare you time as well as assist you with picking the correct exposition tests for the learning objectives that you have chosen.</p><p></p><p>It is significant that you recognize what your objectives are. It would be better in the event that you list down the significant reasons why you are doing the exploration for learning objectives. Ask yourself whether you would have the option to comprehend the substance and furthermore compose a compact and enlightening article about it. Makesure that you never compose something that isn't proficient. All things considered, you have to make a picture of yourself with the goal that your composing would be appealing.</p><p></p><p>After picking the correct paper tests, you should begin to work on composing an article. You should were to do it along these lines as that of an article which would assist you with seeing how you could compose an elegantly composed exposition. This would likewise allow you to look at the example that you have written.</p><p></p><p>Once you have wrapped up the paper, you should impart it to your companions and partne rs. You can likewise impart it to your folks and instructors. Thusly, you would have the option to give some input and your composing would without a doubt be accepted.</p>

The Importance of Religious Freedom Essay

<h1>The Importance of Religious Freedom Essay</h1><p>The significance of strict opportunity in America can't be belittled. For a little country that once battled to spare God and history from being captured by those with an authoritarian belief system, strict opportunity is as significant as some other opportunity we appreciate. It has become clear that America doesn't rehearse this opportunity well, and consequently it is the duty of all Americans to stop this shamefulness by guarding the estimation of strict opportunity in the US.</p><p></p><p>The US is administered by a Constitution, which unequivocally ensures opportunity of religion. The First Amendment of the US Constitution states: 'Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion, or precluding the free exercise thereof; or shortening the right to speak freely, or of the press.' It proceeds to state: 'Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion, or denying the free exercise thereof; or compressing the ability to speak freely, or of the press.' Thus, the First Amendment is intended to ensure all Americans the opportunity to accept whatever they pick, regardless of the amount others may object to them.</p><p></p><p>For years, Christians in America have been oppressed for trusting in the Bible, and their convictions have really made their lives and opportunity of religion compromised. They have been illegal from rehearsing their confidence in numerous states and have had their opportunity of religion attacked by ministers who constrained them to certify certain scriptural standards, and places of worship that constrained them to meet certain prerequisites to get their expense excluded status.</p><p></p><p>This may sound really foolish, however on the off chance that it were not for the First Amendment, America would most likely have nothing, and would have fallen under the oppression of Ch ristianity that was constrained upon it. That is the reason the significance of strict opportunity can't be thought little of, and why the United States ought to ensure it so it can remain strong.</p><p></p><p>For decades, the US has been driving the world in human rights, and it is the US, all things considered, that shields the human privileges of its residents, particularly those living under abusive systems. The significance of strict opportunity can't be exaggerated, as America was established on it, and an inability to ensure it would imply that the world would betray the United States. That would mean an atomic holocaust, and would bring about mass extinction.</p><p></p><p>Today, the significance of strict opportunity is getting progressively significant, as the consequence of cases in court, through talks and mass assemblies, and through serious media inclusion. For instance, it was the attorneys who battled for the privilege o f Christians to show their confidence in government funded schools that switched things around, and made ready for the significance of strict opportunity in state funded instruction. It was likewise the administration, by and large, that made a special effort to make it simpler for tuition based schools to instruct, and to show these courses with better documentation.</p><p></p><p>Private schools and strict organizations have gotten progressively mainstream, and with that, more understudies are mentioning to be shown their confidence, and on more sorts of subjects. Along these lines, more individuals are perceiving the significance of strict opportunity, and that they have to secure it.</p>

Topics to Write About in College - Writing Your Argumentative Essay

<h1>Topics to Write About in College - Writing Your Argumentative Essay</h1><p>As you get ready for your next school factious exposition, you might need to investigate a portion of the themes to expound on in school. These themes are extraordinary approaches to kick your contentious paper off. Investigate and get familiar with these subjects to expound on in college.</p><p></p><p>First, you ought to choose a theme that you might want to expound on in school. A contentious exposition is significant in school, so you need to ensure that you pick a theme that will intrigue you. You might need to consider a subject that you know something about. For instance, in the event that you have an advanced education in English, you might need to pick a point that identifies with writing or something that you have learned as a hobby.</p><p></p><p>Once you have picked a subject, you should make sense of how to move toward this theme. Recall that when you are composing a contentious exposition, it is imperative to set up yourself as a specialist in your subject. Try not to race through composing this paper. In the event that you do, you may miss significant subtleties that would have helped you make your paper stronger.</p><p></p><p>To help you with this, you will need to make a skeleton for your exposition. This implies you ought to work out an unfinished copy of your paper and afterward separate it into a few sections. Monitor what number of pages you are composing, with the goal that you will know how much room you need to include onto this skeleton. On the off chance that you feel great with the main draft, at that point proceed onward to the following subject to expound on in college.</p><p></p><p>After you have composed your skeleton, you will need to do the genuine composition for your paper. Since you as of now have a thought regarding what you need to expo und on in school, you will have the option to return and re-read your paper a few times. The motivation behind why this is so significant is on the grounds that there are sure things that you might need to change. By composing over once more, you will benefit from your exposition and have a more noteworthy possibility of succeeding.</p><p></p><p>After you have experienced the whole skeleton of your article, the time has come to begin composing your paper. Recall that you ought not compose your pugnacious paper at the same time. Rather, think of each theme in turn, experiencing each part as you compose. On the off chance that you attempt to compose the whole article without a moment's delay, you may find that you overlook significant details.</p><p></p><p>Finally, when you have finished the skeleton of your paper, take a couple of hours to experience the exposition once more. In some cases, you might be too amped up for the point and ca n overlook a few subtleties. On the off chance that this occurs, don't stress. Simply record it as you go and when you are prepared, you can re-read it to guarantee that you didn't miss any significant details.</p><p></p><p>This counsel should assist you with composing a decent factious article. Keep in mind, you need to utilize subjects to expound on in school to ensure that you are a specialist in your point. This will assist you with accomplishing your objective of composing an incredible factious essay.</p>

The Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples

<h1>The Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples</h1><p>A parcel of individuals imagine that composing a factious exposition or a proposition proclamation will be unthinkable with the presentation of contentious paper tests. In the event that you have heard this yourself, at that point you should realize that there are really a few distinct ways to deal with composing this sort of paper. Indeed, you can even work with tests that will assist you with getting your best article ideas.</p><p></p><p>The presentation of contentious exposition tests has been structured by specialists so as to support understudies and authors. The models they give is particularly helpful when composing a paper that manages contending. These examples will assist with giving the thought on the best way to do this adequately. You will have the option to show signs of improvement at the procedure in the event that you bring these examples into consideration.</p> <p></p><p>The presentation of pugnacious article tests is an incredible method to assist understudies with increasing a comprehension of the procedure. You ought to likewise consider how well you will have the option to utilize the example. You may find that it is more useful than different kinds of tests. A few examples are composed so inadequately that they are good for nothing to the process.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise consider how the exposition tests were composed. Ensure that the example you are utilizing is written in a manner that is clear and straightforward. Attempt to discover tests that are composed with a specific tone and a specific number of words that you can work with.</p><p></p><p>The presentation of pugnacious article tests ought not be excessively long. You should focus on around three or four pages that is the correct length. This will assist you with being ready to travel through the pape r easily.</p><p></p><p>The presentation of factious article tests will assist you with increasing a thought of what contentions can be utilized to back up the possibility that you need to make. There are many article models that show how you can utilize different sorts of expositions. Utilizing the correct contentions is likewise something that you can do to assist you with composing the correct sort of essay.</p><p></p><p>You should attempt to discover exposition tests that will give various kinds of models. You should search for instances of article points that incorporate expositions that manage race and legislative issues. You should attempt to discover models that can help you recorded as a hard copy article models that you can use in your own essays.</p><p></p><p>The presentation of contentious paper tests is the most significant piece of the procedure. It is likewise the initial segment of the exposition that will be perused by the perusers. Ensure that you can utilize the examples that you use so you can turn out to be better at composing essays.</p>

Good Topics to Write an Online Essay for a University Research Project

Good Topics to Write an Online Essay for a University Research ProjectWhat good topics to write an online essay for a university research project? This question is asked by many university students and those who want to do a project in writing, both undergraduate and graduate students. Since writing is one of the most important activities that you will do in college, this is an easy question to answer. With good topics, your essays will be more interesting students will read it more, thus increasing your grade.Before going on with the list of good topics to write an online essay for a university research project, there are some things you need to know about the topic. First, you need to consider if you have the time to do it or not. As you can imagine, research papers take a lot of time. If you will not have the time to spend on writing, you may want to consider using others' ideas as research material for your essay.Another thing you need to consider is what kind of topic to write a n online essay for a university research project is, since there are different types of topics. There are the types of topics that are commonly found to be good topics to write an online essay for a university research project. These are those that are not only easy to write, but they also have some value. The type of topics that have value are general topics. For example, public speaking, writing and organizational activities.Next, what is considered to be a good topic to write an online essay for a university research project is research-related topics. For example, these include ethics and teaching, the health care system, economics, and philosophy. The reason why the study of ethics is important is because it shows what is important in life. The same can be said for the topics on health care. Since you are dealing with people in real life, you need to learn something about their health and how to help them tobe healthy.A good topic to write an online essay for a university resea rch project must have some sort of relevance to the topic. If you cannot come up with a good topic to write an online essay for a university research project, you can always do a little research about the topic to find what is already out there. You should always keep in mind that your topic should be based on research because it would make the writing easier.In addition, it is also important to determine what good topics to write an online essay for a university research project are. Remember that good topics to write an online essay for a university research project should be able to give a great insight to the students' minds. This is why the topics should be interesting and relevant to the subject. When you know what type of topics to write an online essay for a university research project, you will also know what will make it interesting.You also need to consider that the topics to write an online essay for a university research project should also be easy to write. As mentione d above, the topics to write an online essay for a university research project should be general and therefore easy to write. The topics should also be related to the topic so that students will be able to grasp what is written on the topic.In conclusion, what are good topics to write an online essay for a university research project? First, when it comes to general topics, you can always use the topics that are commonly found to be good topics to write an online essay for a university research project. You can also consider others' ideas as research material so that you can have a good and interesting topic to write an online essay for a university research project.

Physical Science Essay Topics - How to Come Up With a Topic That Will Make Your Reader Think of You

Physical Science Essay Topics - How to Come Up With a Topic That Will Make Your Reader Think of YouIf you're trying to write a physical science essay topic, there are some tricks that can make it easier for you. By following these steps, you'll be able to come up with a topic that will make your reader think of the best of you.To start with, start out with the basic idea behind your topic, which is whether or not the universe is bound by time. You'll want to find out the general consensus in the scientific community as to what the answer is. What we know about the universe and its expansion speed has been growing in recent years, so it's likely that it's something people already know, but have never said aloud.The next step you should take is to determine the type of science you intend to focus on in your physical science essay topics. If you're a math major, you'll probably be writing about the relationship between the universe and the properties of matter, or the laws of nature. Ho wever, if you're writing a history or literature course, you may want to make sure you explain some historical or cultural context, and if you're writing a physical science essay you'll need to decide what particular branch of physics you'd like to talk about.Perhaps you're interested in a particular branch of physics such as cosmology, which deals with the structure and evolution of the universe. This might be helpful to the reader if they're not exactly sure about the relationship between the laws of nature and what the universe really is made of. When it comes to your topic, they'll be more inclined to learn more about it and understand the gravity that is put out by those laws.If you have questions, it's important to answer them. A good strategy for this is to choose the most applicable question and take the most informative approach. If you do this, it will also help you come up with the best topic that you're going to focus on. If you think you've answered every question and s till don't have an idea on your topic, you can always go back and look at the math and physics textbooks to see if you can get any better answers.Keep the theme of your topic in mind, as well. Sometimes you can find a great topic that isn't necessarily about a specific topic, but how the world and everything that surround us came to be. For example, if you're looking at whether or not God created the universe, you might want to check to see if you can come up with something that demonstrates some sort of counter-argument to the 'no designer' argument.By following these tips you'll be able to come up with a great physical science essay topic. Remember that there are many different ways to write an essay - just remember that it's an objective fact that the best way to write is to not only present your ideas, but explain how you arrived at them, and make sure your readers understand why you're presenting them.

The Book Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck - 785 Words

Monica Soto Boloyan Thorne Humanities March 2 2016 The author of the book Of Mice Men, John Steinbeck, showed one important theme throughout the entire book. The theme the author showed most was the nature of loneliness. Steinbeck wants the reader to consider the theme of loneliness for many reasons. First, he wants us to know how people suffered through lonesome during the Great Depression era where many workers were migrating and looking for a job. The author placed the setting in a city in California named Soledad, which means ‘Solitude’ in Spanish. Also, he illustrated loneliness by including a card game called ‘Solitaire’ meaning by one’s self. Throughout the book, Steinbeck uses many characters to show loneliness. One of those characters is Crooks. Crooks suffers from extreme loneliness. Crooks lives in a bunkhouse where he is surrounded by many racist men that spend their time discriminating him just for being black. He lives by himself because the other workers won’t let him be with them. â€Å" I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse,† â€Å" Why ain’t you wanted?† â€Å"† Cause I’m black. They play cards in there because I’m black.† (Steinbeck p.g 68) Also, Crooks admitted himself that he’s lonely. â€Å"A guy needs somebody -- to be near him.† â€Å" A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you. (Steinbeck p.g 72) In this quote, Crooks is telling Lennie that as long as you re with someone doesn’t matter who it is,Show MoreRelatedDiscrimination in the Book â⠂¬Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck1451 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination was one of the issues that caused conflict in the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck. One example of discrimination in the novel comes in the form of racial discrimination against Crooks, as he is an African American. Another example of discrimination is gender discrimination against Curley’s wife. Finally, there is discrimination against mentally disabled people, which is evident in Lennie’s character. The ranch hands actions and conversations demonstrated the racial discriminationRead MoreOf Mice and Men. The question is how does John Steinbeck tackle social issues in the novel through the use of Crooks. Includes direct quotations from the book.782 Words   |  2 PagesOf Mice and Men In the novel, Of Mice and Men, the author, John Steinbeck, takes a strong stance against many social issues. Steinbeck voices his opinions on controversial rights such as women s rights and the treatment of migrant workers. One of the main points that Steinbeck addresses is his dislike for the treatment of African-Americans. He expresses his views through the hardship and turmoil of Crooks, the only African-American character in the novel. Crooks is looked down upon by his peersRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1319 Words   |  6 PagesBryann Cervantes AP English IV Mrs. Batey Of Mice and Men To most, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a revered novel on racial segregation in the United States. This text has been remarkably controversial because of the way it deals with difficult issues regarding race and the American dream; however, despite its disputable history, it is an incredibly important book that is used to study many aspects of race relations in the United States in the early to mid twentieth century, more specificallyRead More John Steinbeck Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck A novelist is someone who writes novels, or writes a fancy work of fiction which often has a complicated plot, many major and minor characters, a significant theme, and several varied settings. A novelist will use literary devices such as characterization, tone, symbolism, imagery, and figurative language. John Steinbeck, an American novelist, uses many literary devices such as metaphors, similes, imagery, and figurative language along with excellent descriptive words to developRead MoreSteinbeck’s Quest for Friendship, Dreams, and Personality in Of Mice and Men1742 Words   |  7 PagesCurly and Lennie, two men that traveled together everywhere they went. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck describes friendship, dreams, and personality to describe Lennie and Curly adventures. Steinbeck believed that friendship was important. Lennie knows that George will always have his back, although Lennie cannot protect George he feels like he can (Steinbeck 14). Even though George says, he does not want Lennie with him; he does not want to leave him by himself (Steinbeck 13). When Lennie andRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Greatest Accomplishments973 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck, born in 1902 in Salinas California to John Ernst and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, became one of the greatest American writers of his century. Growing up Steinbeck read vigorously and was fascinated by Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte D’Arthur. It was Malory’s Morte D’Arthur that influenced Steinbeck for the rest of his life. Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 and attended Stanford University. He took courses in science and particularly became interested in marine biology.Read MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Prompt: Jo hn Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignitedRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is home to many great writers whom come different backgrounds. American authors like John Steinbeck who add biographical elements into their pieces of writing. John Steinbeck, one of the most honorable authors of time, is known for receiving Nobel Prize, California commonwealth club medal, Pulitzer Prize, and other great accomplishments towards publishing sixteen novels. Steinbeck’s realist style of writing and life experiences impacting his life show the reader he’s been through a lot inRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Crucible 1074 Words   |  5 Pages Dylon Morrison Mr. Briggs 5 December 2014 Word Count: 978 John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California. John decided to be a writer at the very young age of fourteen. â€Å"John used to lock himself in his bedroom and to be alone and write stories and poem†(John Steinbeck Biography). John was the first in his family to have a striving desire to become a writer, his father did everything he could to keep food on the table and his mother was a former schoolRead MoreWhat Influenced John Steinbeck?. What Exactly Influenced884 Words   |  4 PagesWhat influenced John Steinbeck? What exactly influenced Steinbeck’s writings? Was it his background, his past, or was it the way he grew up and learned. There are many factors that come into play when trying to depict what exactly influenced an author. A lot of people believe that he was heavily influenced by California, where he lived. As many as nine of his works were proven to be based off of some part of california life in his time. But not all of his inspiration could simply come from California

Accounting for Business Decision Largest Supermarket Chain

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Business Decision of Largest Supermarket Chain. Answer: Introduction Woolworths Ltd. is largest supermarket chain of Australia headquartered in Sydney being established in the year 1924. It is mainly involved in food improvement, liquor and owning of petrol stations business in Australia (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). The company has a huge workforce diversity of about 111,000 people in its retail stores and distribution centers that enables it to offer high quality products and services to the customers. The company emphasizes on providing highest range of products to the customers and has established about 961 stores in the country to serve customer needs easily and instantly. Woolworths is recognized as Fresh Food People in Australia due to its emphasis in providing fresh food products to the customers. It works in close-association with Australian farmers and growers to procure fresh food ingredients for manufacturing its food products. The suppliers are considered as strategic partner by the company so that they provide highest quality raw mate rials for manufacturing best in class products for the customers (Woolworths Supermarkets, 2012). The company owns a large market share in retail sector of Australia and is second largest in terms of revenue in the county. It is recognized as largest liquor retailer in Australia. Woolworths also has a strong market presence in New Zealand retail sector. The four strategic objectives as outlined by the company are as follows: Gaining expansion in food and liquor business segments Optimizing shareholder value Developing and maintaining its growth record in newly developed business segments such as home improvements Establishing new era of growth The company aims to provide new and innovative products to the customers for meeting their changing needs and expectations. The senior managers of the company places strong focus on meeting the changing customer needs through identifying innovative ways of growth (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). As such, the company has established its various stores for home improvement and is also promoting its online sales for achieving customer satisfaction. It is investing largely in expanding its liquor and petrol business with the aim of increasing its market share in supermarket of Australia. The companys strategy also integrates on achieving sustainability through ensuring that its operational activities do not have any adverse impact on the community and environment. It has implemented effective strategies for reducing carbon and greenhouse gas emissions for supporting the development of community and environment (Mc Arthur, 2013). The company although enjoys a profitable position in the retail market of Australia but is presently declining in its financial performance. The main reason behind the declining profitability is its huge investment in home improvement sector that is not turning out to be profitable for the company. Also, it has placed large focus on developing its business in home improvement that has resulted in its less emphasis on its core segment of food products. However, it is now placing strong focus on regaining its momentum in the retail sector of the country with placing more focus on manufacturing its core food products (Woolworths Supermarkets, 2012). The present report, in this regard, examines and analyzed the financial performance of Woolworths for identifying the areas of improvement needed for enhancing its profitability in the future context. Financial Analysis of statements to accounts of Woolworths This section explains all the important items that are presented in the financial statements of the company and changes that occur in one year time period will be noted to form an opinion on the financial performance of the company (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011). Woolworth published its annual report every year that contains audited financial statements and for this report, annual report of year 2015 has been selected to review on. In order find out the increase or decrease in major items of balance sheet, the financial data of year 2015 will be compared to financial data of year 2014. The increase or decrease in the items will be presented in the form of percentage so that it is useful to analyze the data. The major financial statements are: Statement of Financial Position Statement of Profit and Loss Statement of Cash Flow Statement of Change in Equity Statement of Financial Position Statement of financial position is one of the most important statements among all four statements as it shows all the values of assets and liabilities presented with the company (Mumba, 2013). This statement is also known as balance sheet because this statement is based on the well known accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity. As the per rule to make the balance sheet, all the present values of items in balance sheet are adjusted to the values at the beginning of year so that net change can be seen. The principle used in the framing the balance sheet is similar to the accounting equation and according to this equation both side of balance sheet must be equal. As discussed earlier this statement is most important among all, so it must be prepared with proper caution and high level of integrity. It helps investors and users of financial statement to evaluate the performance of organization through use of various financial tools like accounting ratio (Buckle, Bu ckle, and Thompson, 2004). In other words it can be said that this statement present the true and fair picture of organization activities. The major items present in the balance sheet are current assets, current liabilities, shareholders equity, long term liabilities and long term assets. As per IFRS, there is specific format to present the balance and it is mandatory for all the listed companies to follow that structure. As per that structure balance sheet must be drawn vertically instead of horizontally. This section will evaluate important items presented in the balance sheet of Woolworth Limited. In order to make comment on the performance of the company in year 2015, figures of year 2015 are compared with figures of year 2014 and any increase or decrease will be noted. It must be noted that every item in the balance sheet has its own importance while evaluating the performance of the company. In order to provide all necessary information to the performance of the company, notes to financial statements will also be evaluated along with primary values in the balance sheet. The following table shows all important figures of balance sheet in year 2014 and 2015: Statement of Financial Position Woolworth Limited Items 2015 2014 Increase of Decrease % Increase or Decrease in year 2015 Total Current Assets $ 7,661.00 $ 7,175.00 $ 486.00 6.77% Total Non-Current Assets $17,676.00 $ 17,030.00 $ 646.00 3.79% Total Assets $25,337.00 $ 24,205.00 $ 1,132.00 4.68% Total Current Liabilities $ 7,558.00 $ 9,169.00 $ (1,611.00) -17.57% Total Non Current Liabilities $ 5,334.00 $ 6,395.00 $ (1,061.00) -16.59% Total Liabilities $25,337.00 $ 24,205.00 $ 1,132.00 4.68% Total Equity $10,253.00 $ 10,834.00 $ (581.00) -5.36% Above table list the figures of important items in balance sheet along with the increase or decrease in value of items. The percentage of increase or decrease is calculated using the value of year 2014 as base and difference in value of year 2015 and 2014 as numerator (Buckle, Buckle, and Thompson, 2004). Through having looked at the values of various items in balance sheet it can be said that Woolworth has performed better in year 2015 as compare to year 2014. The management at Woolworth has made efforts to increase the value of current assets and non current assets in year 2015 as compare to year 2014. The value of current assets has been increased by 6.77 % and value of current liabilities got reduced by 17.57 %. This indicates that liquidity performance has got major change in year 2015 (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). The value of non current assets has also been raised by 3.79% due to purchase of new plant and machinery and other fixed for the expansion of business. The expansi on of business has been financed through issue of share capital (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011). The debt equity position of the Woolworth is also good as company has least amount of long term as compared to equity share capital (Buckle, Buckle, and Thompson, 2004). This shows the presence of balanced capital structure of Woolworth in both the years under analysis. Woolworth has invested more than 400 million dollars in plant and equipments in order to make major expansion in business. Company has used some part of reserves and part of net profit to finance the purchase of assets. There was decrease in amount of borrowing from financial institutions in year 2015 as compare to year 2014. Company has repaid the debt of more than 1000 million dollars in year 2015 (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). Statement of Profit and Loss The profit and loss account statement reflects the balances of sales revenue, cost of goods sold and net income earned in the particular year. This statement is important from the point of view of investors as it shows the earning efficiency of the company. Statement of Profit and Loss Woolworth Limited Items 2015 2014 Increase of Decrease % Increase or Decrease in year 2015 Revenue $60,868.00 $ 60,952.00 $ (84.00) -0.14% Cost of Goods Sold $44,345.00 $ 44,475.00 $ (130.00) -0.29% Non operating gain or (loss) $ 3,042.00 $ 3,533.00 $ (491.00) -13.90% Earning per Share $ 1.71 $ 1.97 $ (0.26) -13.20% Income Tax $ 930.00 $ 1,057.00 $ (127.00) -12.02% Finance Cost (Interest) $ 255.00 $ 278.00 $ (23.00) -8.27% Net Income $ 2,146.00 $ 2,452.00 $ (306.00) -12.48% The above table presents the values of major items present in the profit and loss account of Woolworth in year 2015 and year 2015. Along with the values, percentage increase and decrease has also been shown in order to comment on the profitability position of company in the year 2015 when compared to year 2014. Overall performance of company was good in year 2015 but when it is compared with performance in year 2014, there has been negative shift in revenue and net profit. It indicates that performance of company is not as per budget drawn for year 2015. There was 13.20% decrease in earning per share in year 2015 that indicates that market performance of company was not up to the mark (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). The negative trend in the net profit of the company itself tells whole story of the company in year 2015. It is indication of downfall of food and retail market in Australia and as per future estimates it can be said that there will be major downfall in net revenue in ne xt upcoming year (Houston and Brigham, 2009). Statement of Change in Equity Statement of change in equity points of various items that make up the value of shareholders equity such as retained earnings, change in foreign exchange reserves, value of equity etc. This statement is useful to notice the change in various value of shareholders equity over the period of time (Buckle, Buckle, and Thompson, 2004). Statement of Change in Equity Woolworth Limited Items 2015 2014 Increase of Decrease % Increase or Decrease in year 2015 Issued Capital $ 5,064.90 $ 4,850.10 $ 214.80 4.43% Number of Shares (in million) 1256.6 1248 8.60 0.69% Foreign Currency Reserve $ (37.20) $ 67.70 $ (104.90) -154.95% Retained Earnings $ 5,830.10 $ 5,423.10 $ 407.00 7.50% Non Control Interest $ 297.80 $ 272.90 $ 24.90 9.12% The above table shows important items that makes the statement of equity of Woolworth (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011). The table shows that company has raised $214.80 million of equity capital in year 2015 through issue of 8.60 million equity shares in the market. Looking at the adverse condition of market, company decided to increase the value of retained earnings through adding $ 407 million to the previous balance of retained earnings. The table indicates that there was increase in value of non controlled interest by $24.90 million reflecting an increase of 9.12% in year 2015 as compare to year 2014 (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). Statement of Cash Flow Cash flow statement generally gives information on the cash spent by the company in operating, investing and financing activities (Bull, 2007). Statement of Cash flow Woolworth Limited Items 2015 2014 Increase of Decrease % Increase or Decrease in year 2015 Net cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities $ 3,345.10 $ 3,472.70 $ (127.60) -3.67% Net cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities $(1,610.80) $ (1,371.90) $ (238.90) 17.41% Net cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities $(1,333.90) $ (2,031.40) $ 697.50 -34.34% Net increase (decrease) in cash during the year $ 1,333.40 $ 922.60 $ 410.80 44.53% This table reflects increase or decrease in values of major activities shown in cash flow statement of Woolworth in year 2015 as compare to year 2014. The cash flow from operating activity has decreased in year 2015 by 127.60 million dollars showing the net fall of 3.67 %. The decrease in cash inflow from operating activity indicates poor strategies used for cash collection and creditability rating. Company has used 238.90 million more dollars in year 2015 as compare to year 2014 to finance the activities related to financing such as repayment of borrowing, payment of dividend and many others activities. It can be seen from above table that company was able to generated 410.80 more cash in year 2015 as compare to year 2014 but overall performance of company has got adverse in year 2015 due slow down in market (Annual report 2015: Woolworth). Conclusion It can be summarized from the overall discussion held in the report that Woolworths need to improve its financial performance for regaining its market leader position in the retail sector of Australia. The analysis of the financial statements of the year 2015 depicted that company has improved its financial performance somewhat in comparison to the financial year 2014. It has increased the dividend paid to shareholders for maximizing shareholder value and obtaining their trust for supporting its future growth plans. The financial statements analyzed also reveals that companys capital structure incorporates large use of debt as compared to equity. However, the proportion of debt in its capital structure has reduced to a significant extent in the year 2015 as compared to the previous year. This indicates that company is focusing presently on achieving a stable financial condition and is therefore implementing effective strategies for eliminating risk in its business model. Woolworths i s divesting its non-profitable business of home improvement for generating funds in order to improve the proportion of equity in its capital as compared to the debt. The report has presented significant information about the financial condition of the company that will help the investors to make decision regarding holding or buying its shares. The main aim of preparing the report is fulfilled by developing a proper understanding of the different items of the financial statement so that performance of the company can be measured and economic decision can be drawn. Financial statements analysis has provided all the information regarding the financial position, changes in equity, performance and cash generated by the company. All these details would prove to be largely beneficial for the investors to make the opinion on investment decision and act as proper guide to them. Recommendations On the basis of findings obtained from reviewing the financial statements of Woolworths, the company is recommended to implement new growth strategies for improving its financial performance. It has been analyzed from the financial statements of the company that it is largely incorporating the use of debt in its capital structuring rather than issuing equity shares. The increase in debt structure will raise its liability therefore hampering its sustainability. The new investment of the company in home improvement business is not proving to be profitable and therefore it is recommended to divest it for raising equity capital. It should emphasize on investing its profitable business segment of food and liquor for regaining its market leader position in the retail sector of Australia. The investment in profitable business segments would lead to increased sales and revenue generation of the company. This would further support its expansion plans in food and liquor retail sector. Also, it should emphasis more on the development of online channels for reaching to its target customers easily and instantly. This would help the company to achieve increased customer satisfaction further improving the sales and profitability (Mumba, 2013). The development of online channels would also help the company to reduce its operational cost by eliminating the need of physical distribution centers for offering its wide range of products to the customers. In addition to this, the company is also recommended to enhance its reserves and retained earnings for meeting the contingency conditions. It can be seen from the review of the financial statements that company does not hold enough reserves and retained earnings that can negatively impact its future growth strategies. Thus, Woolwor ths is recommended to increase its retained earnings and reserves for meeting the occurrence of any adverse situations. References Annual report 2015: Woolworth. [Online]. Available at: www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182381_Annual_Report_2015.pdf [Accessed on:22 Spetember, 2016]. Brigham, E. F. and Ehrhardt, M. C. 2011. Financial Management: Theory and Practice. Mason: Cengage Learning. Buckle, M.J., Buckle, M. and Thompson, J. 2004 . The UK Financial System. 4th ed. New York: Manchester University Press. Bull, R. 2007. Financial Ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximise value and success for your business'. UK: Elsevier. Houston, J.F. and Brigham, E.F. 2009. Fundamentals of Financial Management. Cengage Learning. Mc Arthur, T. 2013. Woolworths makes progress on its strategic priorities. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fool.com.au/2013/08/29/woolworths-makes-progress-on-its-strategic-priorities/ [Accessed on: 12 September 2016]. Mumba, C. 2013. Understanding Accounting and Finance: Theory and Practice. USA: Trafford Publishing. Woolworths Supermarkets. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Our_Brands/Supermarkets/Woolworths/ [Accessed on: 12 September 2016].